A message from an elite group of jurists, intellectuals and academics in the Arab world to the United Nations

Bethlehem-Ma'an- A group of Arab human rights activists, intellectuals and academics sent a letter to UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres.The elite called on Guterres to review the previous General Assembly resolutions, including reversing the cancellation of Resolution 3379, which considers Zionism a form of racism and racial discrimination, and issuing a new resolution that confirms this content, and the war crimes, aggression, genocide, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity committed and perpetrated by the State of Israel as a colonialist regime, must be prosecuted and their perpetrators must not escape punishment.The message stated the following:Mr. President of the United Nations General Assembly, Dennis FrancisGreetings and respect,The United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution No. 3379 on November 10, 1975, which considered "Zionism a form of racism and racial discrimination", at a time when the struggle of the Palestinian Arab people for their right to self-determination was highly respected, especially after the liberation of many peoples and countries in Asia and Africa from the yoke of colonialism, following the issuance of Resolution No. 1514 by the United Nations General Assembly, which called for the end of colonialism in 1960. The Palestinian cause became, as recognized by international governmental and non-governmental circles, a cause of national liberation for a people who suffered from occupation. However, the United Nations, in a dangerous precedent, cancelled this resolution on December 16, 1991, thus violating the data on which it relied when it took this historic decision.The reason for the retreat from describing the racist nature of Zionism is due to the imbalance of power at the global level, the dissolution of the socialist bloc, the United States' dominance over international relations, and its monopoly on international decision-making, which has had a double negative impact on the Palestinian Arab people, a victim of racist discriminatory policies on the on e hand, and on the issue of international peace and security on the other hand.Mr. Secretary-General and President of the United Nations General AssemblyThe dangerous development in the international situation at that time and on the eve of the cancellation of Resolution 3379 did not prevent the global human rights movement and supporters of peace and liberation from continuing their struggle to support the Palestinian Arab people and to reveal the truth of racist and supremacist practices, with awareness and understanding that this unprecedented step taken by the United Nations was taken in ambiguous circumstances, as the United Nations contradicted itself, at a time when the world was witnessing Israel's racist approach and the increasing pace of settlement operations, deportation, land grabbing and the systematic evacuation of the population to eliminate the Palestinian presence in violation of international legitimacy and its resolutions, including Security Council Resolutions 242 of 1967 and 338 of 1 973, which explicitly declare the necessity of Israeli withdrawal from the occupied territories, as contemporary international law does not permit the annexation of territories by force. In addition, the Security Council considered the Knesset's decisions to annex Jerusalem and the Golan Heights null and void, and the International Court of Justice decided in 2004 that the construction of the 'separation wall' (the apartheid wall) Invalid, and ordered its dismantling and compensation for those affected by its construction.It is worth noting that Israel continues to deny the United Nations resolutions, especially Resolution 181 of 1947 and Resolution 194 of 1948 on the Right of Return, in addition to another package of resolutions condemning its racist practices and denial of the rights of the Palestinian Arab people, which is what Israel and the forces behind it faced at the "Durban International Conference" (South Africa) regarding racism in 2001, where about 3,000 international human rights and humanitari an organizations condemned Israel's racist practices.What prompts us to address this message to the United Nations is that Israel declares morning and evening that its political doctrine is Zionism, and that based on this doctrine it has been practicing aggression today on Gaza for 9 months, which the Secretary-General witnessed its brutality and expressed his sympathy with the victims on a humanitarian level, as more than 170 thousand people were killed or wounded, in addition to the destruction of vital facilities, infrastructure, schools, hospitals, mosques, churches and places of worship, and the targeting of medical crews and relief teams, in addition to cutting off water, food, medicine, electricity, fuel and the most basic necessities of human life.Today, more than two million Palestinians are exposed to an unprecedented human catastrophe, and to a brutal war of genocide, in which the most heinous crimes against humanity and war crimes have been committed, in violation of the rules of international humanitarian law, especially the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their two annexes, the Geneva Protocols of 1977, the first relating to the protection of victims of international armed conflicts; and the second relating to the protection of victims of non-international armed conflicts.These new-old practices make Israel a rogue state outside international law. They even blatantly oppose the United Nations Charter, which recognizes the right of peoples to self-determination, as well as respect for human rights. This is a subject that cannot be overlooked, because it relates to the core of Israel's political doctrine, which puts it in the dock, along with its political and military leadership, according to the decisions of the International Court of Justice and the International Criminal Court.The world has begun to feel, to a large extent, including some Jews in America and Europe and many Western circles, especially students and youth, the danger of Zionism to the civilized world. Indeed, the belief h as become widespread, according to the legal standard, that Zionism is a new form of racism and the apartheid system, which no longer exists as a political system in the world after the end of the racist South African system, except in Israel.This was reflected in the increase in the balance of the State of Palestine, which was recently voted for by 143 countries that recognized its right to be a full member of the United Nations, which led to the expansion of the scope of international recognition of it, as happened when Spain, Ireland and Norway recognized it, as if in response to the racist Zionist practices.We, as intellectuals, human rights activists, and advocates of peace based on justice in the Arab world, proceed from the human and human rights values ??in which we believe, and which are shared by intellectuals, human rights activists, and peace advocates from all over the world. We address you, by virtue of your responsibilities, to review the previous General Assembly resolutions, including rev ersing the cancellation of Resolution 3379, which considers Zionism a form of racism and racial discrimination, and issuing a new resolution that affirms this content, and the war crimes, aggression, genocide, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity that the State of Israel has committed and is committing as a colonialist regime, must be prosecuted and not escape punishment.The genocidal war practiced by the Israeli authorities in cold blood and without any legal, moral, religious or humanitarian consideration confirms the necessity, and even the legitimacy, of such a humanitarian demand that confirms the reality of racist practices and the political ideology that justifies them.We will work together and individually with organizations, forces, cultural groups, countries and governments, and all those who believe that Zionism is a new face of racism embodied in the Israeli practices that have been carried out since 1948 until today, to achieve this goal. We will seek to achieve more solidarity with the Palestinian Arab people, so that they can determine their own destiny, establish their independent and viable national state with Jerusalem as its capital, return the refugees, and compensate them for the injustice and damages they have suffered, and the destruction and devastation that has befallen them for more than three-quarters of a century. This is a great international responsibility that falls on the shoulders of the United Nations and all influential powers.Signatories (in alphabetical order):Prof. Dr. Gamal Zahran, Professor of Political Science and International Relations at Suez Canal University and President of the Arab Political Science Association, EgyptA. Khamis Al-Qatiti, Writer and Political Analyst, Sultanate of OmanProf. Dr. Saleh bin Marzouq Hamlil / Director of the Law and Society Laboratory, former university director in AlgeriaProf. Dr. Nasreddine Ben Tayfour, Dean of the Faculty of Law and Political Science at the University of Tlemcen, AlgeriaProf. Dr. Naaman Atef Amr , Director of Al-Quds Open University - Dura Branch - PalestineProf. Dr. Heba Gamal El-Din, Head of the Future Studies Department at the National Planning Institute, EgyptProf. Dr. Yousef Ahmed Mufleh Al-Abbadi, former Dean of the Faculty of Law and current Head of the Department of Private Law at Amman Al-Ahliyya University, JordanProf. Dr. Muhammad Abdul Ghani Al-Haj Qassem, Professor of Public Law, Former President of the Supreme Constitutional Court in PalestineProf. Dr. Moataz Qafisha, Professor of International Law and Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Law for Palestine, PalestineProf. Dr. Adnan Abbas Yousef, University Professor, IraqProf. Dr. Ahmed Naseem Barqawi, Professor of Philosophy, Writer and Dean of the House of Philosophy in Fujairah, United Arab EmiratesProf. Dr. Ben Zahaf Faisal, Professor of Public Law at the University of Oran 2, Head of the Department of the State and Society Research Unit, AlgeriaProf. Dr. Ben Sadat Nasreddine, Professor at Oran 2 University, Head of Research Group at the State and Society Research Unit, Algeria.Prof. Dr. Bousmaha Nasreddine, Professor of International Law at the University of Oran 2, Director of the State and Society Research Unit, AlgeriaProf. Dr. Jaoud Kamal, Professor of Private Law at Oran 2 University, Head of Research Group at the State and Society Research Unit, AlgeriaProf. Jamal Al-Shalabi / Professor of Political Science at Hashemite University, JordanProf. Dr. Hussein Daajah / Professor of Political Science at Al-Hussein Bin Talal University / JordanProf. Dr. Khalil Hussein, Professor of International Public Law at the Lebanese University, LebanonProf. Dr. Salem Dakhil, University Professor, LibyaProf. Dr. Charbal Abdelkader, Professor at the University of Blida, Member of the State and Society Research Unit, Algeria.Prof. Dr. Safou Mohamed, Professor at Oran 2 University, Head of Department, State and Society Research Unit, AlgeriaProf. Dr. Taibi Belhachmi Mohamed El Amin, Professor of International Law at t he University of Oran 2, Head of Department at the State and Society Research Unit, Algeria.Prof. Dr. Asmani Leila, Professor of International Criminal Law at the University of Oran 2, Head of Department at the State and Society Research Unit, AlgeriaProf. Dr. Ali Muhafaza, former President of Yarmouk and Mutah Universities, JordanProf. Dr. Farhat Hamou, Professor of Private Law at Mostaganem University, Head of Research Group at the State and Society Research Unit, Algeria.Prof. Dr. Fahmi Jadaan, Thinker and Academic, JordanProf. Dr. Kaci Fawzia, Professor at Oran 2 University, Head of Research Group at the State and Society Research Unit, AlgeriaProf. Dr. Munir Musa Abu Rahma / Professor at the Faculty of Law and Political Science and Lawyer at the State Council / AlgeriaProf. Dr. Najjar Makkia, Professor at Oran 2 University, Head of Research Group at the State and Society Research Unit, AlgeriaProf. Dr. Islah Jad, University Professor. Birzeit University, PalestineProf. Dr. Turki Ibrahim Obeidat, University Professor, JordanProf. Dr. Tawfiq Shomer, Academic and Researcher, JordanProf. Dr. Adel Al-Harfoush, Syrian AcademicProf. Dr. Abdullah Abu Al-Ghaith, Professor of History and International Relations at Sana'a University, Journalist and Trade Union Activist, YemenProf. Dr. Abdul-Wadud Qasim Muqshar, Vice Dean of the Faculty of Arts, University of Hodeidah, YemenProf. Dr. Walid Abdul Hai, Professor of Future Studies, JordanProf. Dr. Ahmed Madi, Retired Academic from the University of Jordan and President of the Philosophical Culture Society, JordanProf. Dr. Tayseer Abdul Jabbar Al-Alusi, Researcher and Professor at Ibn Rushd University in the Netherlands, IraqProf. Dr. Hamlil Saleh, Former University Director, AlgeriaProf. Dr. Khaled Naji Suwadi, University Professor, IraqProf. Dr. Salim Ibrahim Al-Hassaniya, Retired University Professor, Damascus University, GermanyProf. Dr. Farid Al-Alibi, Professor of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Sfax, TunisiaProf. D r. Kurdistan Salem Saeed, University Professor, IraqProf. Dr. Mohammed Hamed Abdul-Jaberi, University Professor, IraqProf. Dr. Mohamed Khalifa Siddiq, University Professor, SudanProf. Dr. Mohammad Masalha, Professor of Political Science and former President of the Jordanian Political Science Association, JordanProf. Dr. Mazhar Al-Khafaji, Professor of Civilization at the University of Baghdad, IraqProf. Dr. Nassif Mohsen Al-Hashemi, University Professor, IraqProf. Dr. Nayef Jarad, Vice President of Al-Istiqlal University, PalestineProf. Hisham Ghasib, Thinker and Academic, JordanEbtisam Al-Sayegh, Human Rights Activist, BahrainIbrahim Abu Ghosh, Researcher, PalestineIbrahim Ismail Ibrahim Matar, Academic, PalestineIbrahim Al-Maqrawi, writer and journalist, MoroccoIbrahim Mohammed Al-Saqr, Academic, LibyaIbrahim Maghraoui, Secondary School Teacher and Journalist, MoroccoAhmed Al-Hujairi, Writer and Human Rights Activist, BahrainAhmed Al Rasam, short story writer, EgyptAhmed El M eskeen, Human Rights Activist, MoroccoAhmed Al-Haij, former president of the Moroccan Association for Human Rights, MoroccoAhmed Ait Siali, educational and legal framework from Hatem Organization, MoroccoAhmed Bernoussi, human rights activist, MoroccoAhmed Boudaoud, Journalist, AlgeriaAhmed Dakhil, poet and journalist, PalestineAhmed Deeb Shalash, Political Activist, JordanAhmed Ragheb, Lawyer and Human Rights Activist, EgyptAhmed Radhi, Journalist, BahrainAhmed Zakarneh, Palestinian writer, media figure and researcherAhmed Ali Al-Atrash, Academic, LibyaAhmed Awad, Human Rights Activist and Director of the Phenix Center for Economic Studies, JordanAhmed Fakher, political activist and physician, JordanAhmed Firas Al-Tarawneh, novelist, media figure and political activist, JordanAhmed Qanawi, Lawyer/EgyptAhmed Kikich, Trainer and Human Rights Activist, MoroccoAhmed Mesbah, Research Student in Constitutional Law, TunisiaIdris Al-Kharshafi, Professor of Islamic Sciences, MoroccoI driss Sadrawi, President of the Moroccan Association for Citizenship and Human Rights, MoroccoAdham Hassanein, Journalist, NetherlandsProfessor Abdel Rahman Bin Amr, former President of the Moroccan Bar Association/MoroccoProfessor Abdel Rahim Al-Jami, former President of the Moroccan Bar Association, Coordinator of the Moroccan Coalition Against the Death Penalty, and Coordinator of the Network of Lawyers Against the Death Penalty/MoroccoIsraa Abdel Hafez, Journalist, Human Rights Activist, Feminist Researcher, EgyptIslam Abdel Majeed Eid Abdel Majeed Awad, Political Researcher, EgyptIslam Heidari, Political Science Researcher and Policy Analyst, TunisiaItidal Hussein Shaqir, artist and actress, SyriaIdeas by Youssef Hosni Hilal, Director of the Egyptian Foundation for the Advancement of Childhood Conditions, EgyptAkraou Azzedine, Human Rights Activist, MoroccoAkram Al-Madanat, Political Activist, JordanElf Kassab, Human Rights Advisor for the Middle East and North Africa, TunisiaElha my El-Mirghani, Economic Researcher, EgyptAlissar Khoury, retired diplomat and former UN employee, SyriaAmal Khreisha, Human Rights Activist and Director of the Palestinian Working Women Society for Development, PalestineAmal Saadeh, Lawyer, PalestineAmina Bint Al-Mukhtar, President of the Association of Women Heads of Households, MauritaniaAmira Hamdi, Human Rights Activist, TunisiaOmaima Ghanmi, Journalist, TunisiaAmin Benwadid, University Professor, MoroccoAmin Marayat, Journalist, JordanAmina, Researcher in Public Domestic Law, TunisiaAnflous Mohamed, Human Rights Activist, MoroccoAnis Jamaa, Artist, BelgiumIhishem Mohamed, community activist, MoroccoAws Abu Atta, poet and writer, PalestineIyad Mahmoud Hassan Bandar, Associate Researcher, PalestineIman Jawhar Hayat, Former President of the Kuwait Freedom Society, KuwaitIman Shams El-Din, Researcher and Author, KuwaitIman Nouri Azzouzi, Educational Inspector in charge of Information and Communication at the Agency for Trai ning in Tourism Professions, TunisiaEnas Mousa Al-Zein, Academic, PalestineBasil Ibrahim Al-Tarawneh, Human Rights Consultant and Expert, JordanBasil Al-Akkour, Journalist, JordanButhaina Daghestani, Writer, JordanBassam Ballan, journalist and writer, SyriaBasma Tlili, Education Professor and Human Rights Activist, TunisiaBashara Masa'adah, Human Rights Activist, JordanAl Bashir Obeid, writer, journalist and poet, TunisiaBashir Qaid Al-Dhubaibi, Researcher and Human Rights Activist, YemenBakr Hijazi, Professor, Writer and Media Professional, LebanonBelhassen Sahli, Researcher, TunisiaBahija Hussein, Journalist, EgyptBoubaker Larkou, former President of the Moroccan Organization for Human Rights, MoroccoBouhamid Idris, Member of the Human Rights Association, MoroccoBourahla Mahmoud, Writer, AlgeriaBayan Ahmed Salman, Writer and Researcher, SyriaTronda Mendell, Writer, SyriaTanouri Amina, President of Generations of Tomorrow Association, MoroccoAl-Tahami Belmaalem, human ri ghts activist and association, protection of public money, MoroccoAl-Tahami Hamdash, Humanitarian Advocate, MoroccoTawfik Ben Romdhane, writer and former Green Party MP, TunisiaThaer Mansour Al-Atrash, former member of the Syrian Engineers Syndicate Council, SyriaTharwat Zaid Kilani, Educational Expert and Researcher, PalestineJalal Mohammed Handad, Lawyer and Legal Consultant, YemenJalil Yousef Ali, Human Rights Activist, BahrainJamal Al-Khatib, Researcher, Writer and Director of the Alternative Center for Studies and Research, JordanJamal Muslim, human rights activist, honorary president of the Tunisian League for the Defense of Human Rights, TunisiaJamila Al-Nirghi, Human Rights Activist, MoroccoJamila Issa, Secretary of the Nabaa Al-Ghadeer Association for Human Rights, JordanJihad Al-Rantisi, writer and novelist, JordanJawad Al-Harishawi, Human Rights Defender, IraqHajim Falah Al-Rakan, Human Rights Activist, IraqHassan Ait Bihi, Moroccan journalistHassan Kamoun, Engineer, L egal Expert and President of the Moroccan Forum for Truth and Justice, MoroccoHassan M. Youssef, Writer and Journalist, SyriaAl-Hussein Oulhous, Human Rights Activist, MoroccoHussein Da'sa, artist, critic and political writer, JordanHafiza Al-Morabit, Human Rights Activist, MoroccoHakima Chaoui, poet, writer and director of the Center for Education on Women's Human Rights, MoroccoHamadi Al-Fali, writer and media figure, MoroccoHamdi Abdel Aziz, Researcher and Member of the Central Secretariat of the Egyptian Socialist Party, EgyptHouria Benmohammadi, human rights activist, member of the Moroccan Association for Human Rights, MoroccoKhaled El-Balshy, Head of the Egyptian Journalists SyndicateKhaled Sayed Taha, Syrian writerKhaled Mohamed Abdel Aziz Shaaban, former parliamentarian and Secretary General of the Egyptian Trade Union Federation, EgyptKhadija Riyadi, human rights activist, recipient of the 2013 United Nations Human Rights Prize, MoroccoKhadija Al-Maghribi, Human Rights Acti vist, AustraliaKhadija Bensaid, Human Rights Activist, MoroccoKhaldoun Gharaibeh, cartoonist, JordanKhawla Zaazaa, Legal Researcher, TunisiaDr. Hamdi Abdel Hafez, Member of the Board of Trustees of the Socialist Popular Alliance Party, EgyptDr. Sahar Al-Qawasmi, Member of the Palestinian Central Council, Head of the National Committee for Reform and Civil Peace in PalestineDr. Ibrahim Hijazin, retired researcher and teacher, JordanDr. Ibrahim Saad Ghorof, University Lecturer, PalestineDr. Ahmed Abdullah Al-Maghribi, Legal Advisor, TrkiyeDr. Ahmed Qanbar, Writer, SyriaDr. Arej Ali Jaber, Professor of Political Science, JordanDr. Islam Al-Jabi, Academic, IraqDr. Ashraf Abdel Ghaffar, Head of the Centre for Political and Human Studies, United KingdomDr. Al-Aidi Aoudash, International Law Expert, AlgeriaDr. Al-Mabrouk Mohammed Abu Omeid, University Professor, LibyaDr. Ilham Abdul Rahim Al-Alan, Professor of Political Science, King Abdulaziz University, JordanDr. Ayman Ibrahim Al-Ra qab, Palestinian Academic, PalestineDr. Ayoub Abudia, Academic, JordanDr. Basem Khalil Ajarmeh, Dean of the Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Information Technology - Al-Istiqlal University, PalestineDr. Bilal Sharif Ghanem, University Professor, Al-Istiqlal University, PalestineDr. Thoria Abdel Gawad, University Professor, EgyptDr. Jamila Ballout, Assistant Professor, LebanonDr. Habes Al-Shorof, Director General of the Palestine Institute for National Security Studies, PalestineDr. Khaled Shawkat, Lecturer and Visiting Professor of International Law and Human Rights at several Arab and European Universities, and President of the Arab Democracy Institute, TunisiaDr. Khaldoun Saad Al-Hakim, Syrian social activist and doctorDr. Rafeh Al-Saadi, a Syrian researcher and physician residing in the EmiratesDr. Rabie Al-Karai, University Professor, Human Rights and Political Activist, MoroccoDr. Raja Ibrahim Salim, Researcher in International Relations, Arab Republic of EgyptDr. Rifat Saye d Ahmed, Researcher and National Thinker, EgyptDr. Riad Khalefat, University Professor, JordanDr. Riad Noufal, Syrian writer and researcherDr. Reem Mansour Sultan Al-Atrash, Researcher and Historian, SyriaDr. Zahdi Al-Shami, Economist, EgyptDr. Samer Mousa, Human Rights Activist, PalestineDr. Sami Abu Kamil, Researcher, PalestineDr. Sarmed Al-Khazraji, Academic and Civil Activist, IraqDr. Sultan Al-Zghoul, Poet and Critic, JordanDr. Suleiman Jaradat, Chairman of the Administrative Board of the Palestinian Authority for Doctoral Holders in Public Service.Dr. Shukria Abu Asi Salah al-Din, a writer residing in Austria, SyriaDr. Ghazi Al-Rasheed, Lawyer, JordanDr. Fayyad Al-Naimi, PhD in Media (Journalism), LebanonDr. Mohammed Ahmed Mahmoud Al-Zoubi, Researcher, JordanDr. Mohammed Al-Hourani, President of the Arab Writers Union, SyriaDr. Mohammed Al-Shiyab, President of the Jordanian Philosophical Society, Jordan.Dr. Mohammed Jarar Al Khattab, University Professor, Al Hussein Bin T alal University, JordanDr. Mohammad Salim Al-Tarawneh, International Law and International Humanitarian Law Expert, JordanDr. Muhammad Salih Al-Saghbini, Syrian doctor and university professor residing in JordanDr. Mahmoud Elkhafif, Economist and former UN staff member, EgyptDr. Mohieddine Lagha, university professor and Secretary General of the Tunisian League for the Defense of Human RightsDr. Marwan Emil Toubasi, Ambassador and Chairman of the Founding Committee of the National Forum for Solidarity among Peoples, PalestineDr. Marwan Alawneh, Academic, PalestineDr. Maha Bitar, Head of the History Department, Faculty of Arts II, University of Damascus, SyriaDr. Musa Khalil Mitri, Legal Expert, SyriaDr. Muwaffaq Mahadin, President of the Jordanian Writers Association, JordanDr. Mervat Shaheen, University Professor, PalestineDr. Nafez Masalma, Assistant Professor, Al-Quds Open University, PalestineDr. Nabiha Mohammed Ali, Academic, JordanDr. Haitham Al Salman, University Professor, Ba hrainDr. Haitham Manna, Legal Expert, SyriaDr. Haifa Khaled, PhD in Sociology, JordanDr. Ebtihal Al-Khatib, Professor at Kuwait University and Human Rights Activist, KuwaitDr. Ahlam Baydoun, Professor of International Law, LebanonDr. Ahmed Dalalah, University Professor, JordanDr. Ahmed Rashed, University Professor, JordanDr. Ahmed Sham Rashid, University Professor, IraqDr. Ahmed Ali Al-Atrash, Academic, LibyaDr. Ahmed Kadri, University Professor, MoroccoDr. Ahmed Mohi El-Din Saleh, University Professor, IraqDr. Ahmed Nazzal, Secretary General of the Lebanese Writers Union/LebanonDr. Osama Qorin, Lawyer accredited to the State Council, AlgeriaDr. Osama Mohammed Hamed Al-Maghribi, University Professor, PalestineDr. Asaad Ahmed Al-Ghanem, Assistant University Professor, IraqDr. Asmaa Abdel Baqi, University Professor, IraqDr. Ismail Bahaa El-Din, writer and university professor at Cairo University/EgyptDr. Ashraf Fouad Ahmed Kanaan, Faculty Member, JordanDr. Iqbal Zalila, Unive rsity Professor, TunisiaDr. Al-Hussein Al-Qassim, University Professor, MauritaniaDr. Amna Al-Khasawneh, Academic, JordanDr. Amira Abdel Hamid, Lecturer in International Relations, United KingdomDr. Amin Bin Masoud, University Professor, TunisiaDr. Amin Benwadid, University Professor, MoroccoDr. Insaf Mishta, University Professor, TunisiaDr. Ayman Hassan, poet and university professor, TunisiaDr. Ayman Hassan, University Writer and Translator, TunisiaDr. Ayman Ali Al-Omari, PhD in Political Science, JordanDr. Enas Nazzal, Financial Policies and Budgets Researcher, PalestineDr. Bassiouni Hamada, University Professor, EgyptDr. Bushra Barghawi, University Professor, MoroccoDr. Balbana Mohamed, Professor of Constitutional Law, University of Mostaganem, AlgeriaDr. Ben Salem Kamal, Professor of Private Law at the University of Mostaganem, Algeria.Dr. Ben Issa Kadour, Professor of Administrative Law at the University of Mostaganem, Algeria.Dr. Bahoula Haifa, University Professor, Tuni siaDr. Bougalb Mohamed, Retired University Professor, MoroccoDr. Tayseer Abu Odeh, Writer, Translator and Academic, JordanDr. Thaer Tamizi, Assistant Professor at Ahliya University in Bethlehem, PalestineDr. Jean Alia, University Professor and Head of the Public Procurement Authority, LebanonDr. Jalal Al-Zein, University Professor, TunisiaDr. Jamal Al-Daboubi, Professor of Political Science, JordanDr. Jamal Khaled Al-Fadi, University Professor, PalestineDr. Jamil Zein El-Din, Researcher, Social Activist and Doctor, SyriaDr. Jamila Ballout, Assistant Professor, LebanonDr. Janan Al-Imam, University Professor, TunisiaDr. George Jabbour, President of the Arab League for International Law (under establishment), SyriaDr. Hussam Awad, University Professor, PalestineDr. Hassan Al-Ashmar, University Professor, LebanonDr. Hassan Jouni, Professor of International Law and Expert in International and Regional Organizations, LebanonDr. Hassan Mohammed Simian, University Professor, IraqDr. Ha ssan Hani Al-Atrash, retired Syrian science professorDr. Hamid Al-Naghash, University Professor, MoroccoDr. Hamid Ajana, University Professor, MoroccoDr. Hamid Mansoum, University Professor, MoroccoDr. Hanane Brahmi, University Professor, AlgeriaDr. Hayat Hamdi, University Professor, TunisiaDr. Khaled Jamil Abdulrahman Mohsen, University Professor, JordanDr. Khadouma Abdelkader, Professor at Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed University, AlgeriaDr. Khadija Sabbar, Academic Researcher in Philosophy and History, MoroccoDr. Khaldoun Saad Al-Hakim, Syrian researcher and physician, GermanyDr. Dakhli Mohsen, University Professor, TunisiaDr. Rabie Al-Karai, human rights and political activist, MoroccoDr. Rashid Al-Azouzi, Professor and Researcher, MoroccoDr. Rana Yousef, University Professor, JordanDr. Rawda Ben Othman, Lecturer, TunisiaDr. Riad Yousef Al-Sobh, Human Rights Consultant, JordanDr. Reham Sayed Kamel, Researcher in International Relations, EgyptDr. Zuhair Ben Jant, Professor of S ociology, TunisiaDr. Ziad Al-Arja, Lawyer and Political and Legal Advisor, JordanDr. Sassi Taha, University Professor, MoroccoDr. Salem Dakhil, University Professor, LibyaDr. Sami Al-Khaliki, Faculty Member at the University of Tripoli, LibyaDr. Sami Jamal, University Professor, TunisiaDr. Sami Khawaldeh, Assistant Professor at the Arab Open University, JordanDr. Sami Muhammad Mahmoud Abu Kamil, PhD in Political Science and Researcher in Security and Political Issues, PalestineDr. Sani Al-Khasawneh, University Professor, JordanDr. Saadi Mohamed, Professor of International Law and International Relations, University of Glizan, AlgeriaDr. Saad Fathallah, University Professor, IraqDr. Said Ardif, University Professor, MoroccoDr. Saeed Mohammed Abu Rahma, PhD in Media and Lecturer at Al-Quds Open University in the Gaza Strip, PalestineDr. Salsabil Klibi, University Professor, TunisiaDr. Salwa Alwan, Professor of Media and Human Rights Activist, EgyptDr. Salim Jaber, Syrian poet and p hysician, LondonDr. Salim Hadoussa, University Professor, TunisiaDr. Samar Maknay, University Professor, JordanDr. Samir Al-Sous, University Professor, JordanDr. Samira Al-Zagher, Researcher, SyriaDr. Sinan Shaqdih, Executive Committee Member, Palestinian American Institutions Network, USADr. Shahla Tawfiq Zarouki, University Professor, IraqDr. Sabah Salim Mustafa Sharshir, Member of the Board of Trustees of Palestine Technical University-Khadouri and Member of the Board of Directors of the Women's Affairs Team, PalestineDr. Salah Ahmed Hashem, Writer, Thinker and Academic, EgyptDr. Salah Abdel-Ati, Lawyer and Head of the International Committee to Support the Rights of the Palestinian People (Hashd), PalestineDr. Tariq Idris, University Professor, LebanonDr. Tariq Abdul Rahman Shuaib, UN Representative and Ambassador for Peace and Development, LibyaDr. Taha Tantawi, African Affairs Expert, EgyptDr. Asem Al-Barqan, University Professor, JordanDr. Atef Saleh Al-Rawati, Researcher an d Lecturer at the Faculty of Law, University of Sousse, TunisiaDr. Amer Shehadeh, University Professor, PalestineDr. Amel Taibi, Lecturer, AlgeriaDr. Aida Katata, University Professor, TunisiaDr. Abdul Hussein Shaaban, Thinker and Academic, IraqDr. Abdel Hamid Al-Ashqari, Professor of Sociology, Kingdom of MoroccoDr. Abdul Hamid Dashti, Lawyer and former Member of Parliament, Kuwait.Dr. Abdul Razzaq Jaloud, University Lecturer, PalestineDr. Abdul Rahman Al-Mashhadani, University Professor, IraqDr. Abdul Rahman Ramzi, University Professor, IraqDr. Abdul Rahim Jamous, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Palestinian Jurists UnionDr. Abdel Fattah Abu Sarous, Writer, Theatre Artist and Academic, PalestineDr. Abdel Fattah Al-Zein, Sociologist, MoroccoDr. Abdul Latif Abu Odeh, University Professor, PalestineDr. Abdullah Karim, University Professor, MoroccoDr. Abdelkader Hamdouni / University Professor / TunisiaDr. Abdel Wahid Hamza, University Professor of Economics and Social W ork, Morocco.Dr. Adnan Al-Jazouli, University Professor and Human Rights Activist, MoroccoDr. Azmi Mansour, University Professor, JordanDr. Aziz Ghali, Vice President of the International Federation for Human Rights, MoroccoDr. Issam Mahmoud Al-Jaghami, researcher and physician, SyrianDr. Afaf Salman, University Professor, PalestineDr. Ala Kattaneh, University Professor, JordanDr. Alaa Awad, University Professor, EgyptDr. Ali Al-Attar, Lawyer and Researcher, PalestineDr. Ali Abdullah Al-Yasani, Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana'a University, YemenDr. Ali Younes, Professor of International Relations at the Lebanese University, LebanonDr. Alia Asali, University Professor, Former Dean of the Faculty of Educational Sciences and Teacher Training at An-Najah National UniversityDr. Imad Khaled Abdel Nabi Hamad, University Professor, LibyaDr. Omar Hilmi Al-Ghoul, writer and political researcher, PalestineDr. Awad Al-Shalawi, Teaching Assistant, LibyaDr. Issa Al-Ayoubi, Pr ofessor of International Relations and Diplomacy, FranceDr. Issa Al-Kanj, University Professor, JordanDr. Ghada Ben Jaa Allah, University Professor of Law, TunisiaDr. Ghada Kamal, PhD in Modern Literature, EgyptDr. Ghazi An'aim, former president of the Jordanian Fine Artists AssociationDr. Ghaniya Hafzi Malhis, Writer and Researcher in Political Economy, JordanDr. Ghassan Bisharat, University Professor, JordanDr. Ghassan Hamza, Researcher and Doctor, SyriaDr. Fatima Khafagi, Socialist Alliance Party, EgyptDr. Fandy Abu Fakhr, Lecturer at the Faculty of Arts II - Department of History at Damascus University, SyriaDr. Fawzi Al-Samhouri, Head of Juzur Center for Human Rights, JordanDr. Fawzi Ou Siddik, Professor of International Law, AlgeriaDr. Volette Dagher, Human Rights Activist and President of the Arab Commission for Human Rights, LebanonDr. Faisal Bin Zahaf, Professor at the University of Oran 2, AlgeriaDr. Faisal Jalloul, Researcher at the Paris Academy of Geopolitics, LebanonD r. Qabas Hassan Awad Al-Badrani, Professor of Public Law, IraqDr. Kurdistan Salem Saeed, University Professor, IraqDr. Karim Al-Sayeh, University Professor, MoroccoDr. Karima El-Hafnawy, Egyptian Pharmacist and WriterDr. Kamal Al-Faqih, Researcher and Doctor, SyriaDr. Kamal Qabaa, Professor of Jurisprudence, PalestineDr. Lubna Tarabay, Professor of Cultural Anthropology at the Institute of Social Sciences, LebanonDr. Laure Abi Khalil, Professor of International Humanitarian Law at the Lebanese University, LebanonDr. Leila Osmani, Professor of Higher Education, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Oran 2, AlgeriaDr. Laila Faidi, University Professor, Chairwoman of the Board of Directors of the Women's Center for Legal Aid and Counseling, PalestineDr. Lina Al-Zaani, Researcher and Human Rights Activist, PalestineDr. Lina Abdullah Shabib, Associate Professor of Public Law and Human Rights Activist, JordanDr. Magdy Abdel Hamid Bilal, Human Rights Activist, EgyptDr. M. Moha med Mounir Megahed, Former Vice President of the Nuclear Power Plants Authority for Electricity Generation, EgyptDr. Majed Al-Khawaja, Writer and Academic, JordanDr. Marcel Jouinat, Academic, JordanDr. Mazen Hanna, Writer and Politician, JordanDr. Mubarak Daoudi, University Professor, AlgeriaDr. Mohamed Ahdouch, University Professor, MoroccoDr. Mohammed Al-Shoubaki, University Professor, PalestineDr. Mohamed El Kahil, Secretary General of the Moroccan Association for the Protection of the Arabic Language, MoroccoDr. Mohammed Al-Mikhlafi, University Professor and Lawyer, YemenDr. Mohamed Bahia Al-Idrisi, University Professor, MoroccoDr. Mohamed Thabet Hassan, Academic Researcher, EgyptDr. Mohamed Hamza, University Professor and Unionist, MoroccoDr. Mohamed Kharoubi, Member of the Board of Trustees (IOFS), LibyaDr. Mohammad Khalaf Al-Raqad, Professor of Political Science (Part-time Lecturer at the University of Jordan and Hashemite University 2012-2019) and Assistant Professor at Zarqa Private University, JordanDr. Mohammad Salim Al-Rawashdeh, University Professor, JordanDr. Mohammad Saleh Al-Saghbini, Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa Private University, SyriaDr. Mohammed Abdul Rahman Ahmed, University Professor, JordanDr. Mohammed Assaf, University Professor, PalestineDr. Mohamed Issa, Retired University Professor, UKDr. Mohamed Mohsen Abu El Nour, President of the Arab Forum for Iranian Policy Analysis - AFIP, EgyptDr. Mohamed Mohamed Naguib Madi, University Professor, EgyptDr. Mohamed Nashtawi, University Professor, MoroccoDr. Mariam Al-Riyahi, Assistant Professor of Higher Education, TunisiaDr. Mariam Mansoura Al-Sadig Al-Mahdi, Former Minister of Foreign Affairs, National Umma Party, SudanDr. Mustafa Al-Zaki, University Professor, MoroccoDr. Mustafa Yaghi, lawyer, human rights activist and former member of the Jordanian Parliament/JordanDr. Musab Rushdi Ahmed Khalil, University Professor, PalestineDr. Moatasem Nimer Ishtia, Academic, Pa lestineDr. Mounir Fayyad, Researcher in International Relations and Professor of Political Science and Media, LebanonDr. Musa Khaled Mohammed Al-Ajlouni, University Professor, JordanDr. Musa Saleh, Political Activist and Doctor, JordanDr. Nasser Jadallah, Ambassador of the State of Palestine to Senegal, PalestineDr. Najat Al-Zamouri, Professor of Linguistics, First Vice President of the Tunisian League for the Defense of Human Rights, TunisiaDr. Najib Saber, University Professor, MoroccoDr. Nassim Belhoul, University Professor, AlgeriaDr. Naseem Mohammed Saleh Muslim, Academic, PalestineDr. Nasreddine Bousmaha, University Professor, AlgeriaDr. Nizam Assaf, former Secretary General of the Jordanian Political Science Association, JordanDr. Nihad Domit, University Professor, LebanonDr. Nour Sabira, University Professor, AlgeriaDr. Nora Nojoum, Head of Languages ??Department, PalestineDr. Nouri Dris, University Professor at Setif 02 University, AlgeriaDr. Nevin Mosaad, Professor, Fac ulty of Economics and Political Science, Cairo University, EgyptDr. Hala Al-Nasri, University Professor, TunisiaDr. Hani Soliman, Director of the Arab Center for Research and Policy Studies, Cairo, EgyptDr. Hisham Skik, University Professor, TunisiaDr. Hana Abdul Karim Fadl, Historian and Researcher in Modern and Contemporary History, YemenDr. Wajdi Bin Omar, University Lecturer, TunisiaDr. Wajih Abu Dharifa, Palestinian Center for Cultural Dialogue and Development, PalestineDr. Wahid Abdel Majeed, Writer and Thinker, EgyptDr. Wahid Mahmoud Al-Farshishi, Dean of Legal, Political and Social Sciences, University of Carthage, TunisiaDr. Wissam Jodeh, Human Rights and Feminist Activist, PalestineDr. Wissam Nemat Ibrahim Al-Saadi, Dean of the College of Law, University of Mosul, IraqDr. Wafaa Al-Khatib, Professor of Criminology, Faculty of Law, Al-Quds University, PalestineDr. Wafaa Ben Achour, Retired University Professor, TunisiaDr. Walid Salem, Professor in the Master's Program in Jeru salem Studies - Al-Quds University and Editor-in-Chief of Al-Maqdisiyya Magazine, PalestineDr. Yassin Mahmoud, Advisor to the Parliament of the Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq.Dr. Youbi Abdelkader, Professor of International Law at the University of Sidi Bel Abbes, Head of the Research Group at the State and Society Research Unit, Algeria.Duaa Al-Ajouz, Cassation Lawyer, EgyptRadhi Al-Moussawi, Journalist, BahrainRaed Ahmed Al-Athamneh, Lawyer and Human Rights Activist, JordanRabia Al-Rifai, Human Rights Activist, JordanRabia Al-Maki Murcia, President of the Murcia International Cultural Foundation, SpainRaja Jaafar, Human Rights Activist, LebanonRaja Rouhi Sweidan, University Faculty Member, PalestineRasoul Abdul Kaabi, Head of Tawa Human Rights Organization, IraqRachid Al-Sabbahi, journalist and president of the Moroccan Press Club, MoroccoRachid Bargane, intellectual and human rights activist, MoroccoReda Talili, Researcher, TunisiaReda Barakati, Writer and Journalist, Tunis iaRana Hadeeb, Lawyer and Human Rights Activist, PalestineRanda Siniora, Feminist Rights Activist, PalestineRawda Malawi, Researcher in International Relations and Diplomacy, TunisiaRiadh Abidi, Human Rights Activist, TunisiaRiad Issa, Researcher and Human Rights Activist, LebanonRima Ahmed Khalil Awadallah, journalist and human rights activist, JordanReham Al-Saadi, Academic, PalestineZubeir Sultan Qaddouri, writer and historian, SyriaZaal Abu Raqti, Media Person, PalestineZakaria Ahmedou Bouabid, Professor and Researcher, MauritaniaZuleikha Abu Risha, poet and human rights activist, JordanZuhair Kazim Abboud, Retired Iraqi Judge, IraqZuhair Makhlouf, human rights activist and former member of the House of Representatives, TunisiaZainab Ibrahim Al-Darazi, Human Rights Activist, BahrainZainab Hafs El Maghari, human rights activist and head of the Rabat office of the National Centre for Human Rights, MoroccoZainab Abdullah Khamis, Human Rights Activist, BahrainSari Saad, Legal Advisor and Director of Ettijahat Center for Studies and Research, PalestineSama Awida, General Director of the Women's Studies Center, PalestineSami Tahri, Assistant Secretary General, Tunisian General Labour Union, TunisiaSamia Lahshab, Translator, TunisiaSabrine Wafi, President of a Peacebuilding NGO, TunisiaSouad Brahma, lawyer, human rights activist and president of the Moroccan Association of Progressive Women, MoroccoSaeed Moulay El Taj, writer, media professional and pedagogue, MoroccoSaida Mohamed Hashi, Lawyer, SomaliaSalam Nasser El-Din, Journalist, LebanonSalman Al-Bad'aish, Syrian novelist and musicianSalman Raja Al-Hanifat, Journalist, JordanSalman Naqrash, Political Activist, JordanSalwa Hamrouni, Professor of Law, TunisiaSalim Abdelli, Writer and Academic, DenmarkSalim Kadyan, Attorney at Law at the Supreme Court, AlgeriaSimon Bounouar, President of the Bar Association in Tlemcen, AlgeriaSamih Sinqrot, Lawyer and Member of the Board of Trustees of the Internatio nal Council for Social Work in the Middle East and North Africa Region, JordanSamih Mohsen, writer and poet, PalestineSamira El-Gazzar, Member of Parliament, EgyptSamira Al-Khalfi, visual artist and poet, and Ambassador of Peace at the World Assembly for Peace and Development, TunisiaSamira Bouhia, political and human rights activist, MoroccoSiham Arslan, writer and social activist, SyriaSuhair Odeh, Feminist Activist, Writer and Researcher, PalestineSusan Shenar, President of the Palestinian Women's Action Association, PalestineSusan Awad, Radio Broadcaster, LebanonSirine Al-Ayadi, Lawyer and Human Rights Activist, TunisiaChadli Basidi, Retired Professor, MoroccoShafik Bodron, Ph.D., Political Science and Human Rights, USAShaher Jumaa Abdel Rahim Al-Badawi, Academic, PalestineSharaf Al-Mousawi, Human Rights Activist, BahrainShukri Latif, President of the Tunisian Organization Against Torture, TunisiaShahrazad Hassan, Academic Researcher, FranceShawkat Saadoun, Writer and Resea rcher, JordanShoya Mohammed, Human Rights Activist, MoroccoSheikh Sayed Mohamed Bab, Professor, MauritaniaSadiq Al-Run, Professor, MoroccoSafi Nasri, Media, MoroccoSaleh Khaled Hamdoni, Writer and Photographer, JordanSabah Obaid, Translator, PalestineSafaa Abu Khadra, Writer, JordanSalah Al-Khawaja, expert on Israeli affairs and advisor to the head of the Wall and Settlement Resistance Commission, PalestineSalah El-Din Saadeh, Palestinian researcher and activist, GermanySalah Adly, Secretary General of the Egyptian Communist PartyDohaa Bahaa Ahmed Abdel Rahman, Lawyer and Human Rights Researcher, EgyptDharar Darwish, Researcher, PalestineDiaa El-Din Dawoud, Lawyer and Member of Parliament, EgyptDiaa Al-Saadi, former President of the Iraqi Bar Association, and Vice President of the Arab Lawyers Union, IraqTarek El-Awady, Human Rights Lawyer and Member of the Presidential Pardon Committee, EgyptTariq Haddad, member of the Social Democratic Party and member of the Board of Directo rs of the Ajloun Governorate Reconstruction, JordanTariq Abdul Rahman Shaib, Academic, LibyaTariq Odeh, party member and human rights activist, JordanTalat Dahlan, Researcher in Higher Education, PalestineZahir Mohamed Ali, Lawyer, SomaliaAbed Al-Zarii, Director of the Center for Palestine Land Studies, Tunisia/PalestineAdel Al-Hamdi, journalist and director of Quds Press International Agency for the East, TunisiaAdel Chikito, President of the Moroccan League for the Defense of Human Rights, MoroccoAdel Qassoua, retired researcher and Arabic language teacher, SyriaAref Abdul Muslim Al-Madi, Writer, IraqAmer Samara, President of the Pen Family Club, JordanAida Issawi, Feminist Activist, PalestineObada Muwaffaq Al-Wardat, Human Rights Activist, JordanAbdul Bari Taher, President of the Yemeni Writers Union and former President of the Yemeni Journalists Syndicate, YemenAbdelhafid Khazma, Professor, MoroccoAbdul Hamid Arsan, Syrian lawyer and consultantAbdel Hamid Kamal, Parliamenta rian, Political Science Researcher and Local Government Expert, EgyptAbdel Rahim Chibani, human rights activist, MoroccoAbdel Rahim Majdi, President of the Moroccan Association for Human Rights in Beni Mellal, MoroccoAbdul Raouf Adwan, Writer, SyriaAbdel Salam Adeeb, Human Rights Activist, MoroccoAbdel Fattah Al-Zain, Academic, MoroccoAbdel Fattah Boujla, Attorney at Law at the Supreme Court, AlgeriaAbdelkader Boulsabaa, PhD student in Public Law, TunisiaAbdullah Al-Janahi, Researcher and Critic, BahrainAbdelmajid Alaoui, Lawyer, MoroccoAbdelmajid Kabel, unionist and community activist, MoroccoAbdul Nabi Al-Akri, Legal Expert, BahrainAbdul Hadi Issa Ramidh, Visual Artist, SyriaAbdul Hadi Kabariti, Lawyer and Human Rights Activist, JordanAbdelouahed Boulaich, human rights activist, MoroccoAbdul Wahab Al-Harasi, writer and human rights activist, YemenAbdelwahab El Kain, journalist and president of the African Organization for Human Rights Monitoring, Kingdom of MoroccoAbdul Wah ab Baaj, Syrian lawyer and human rights activistAbdulrahman Bseiso, writer, poet and cultural critic, Cyprus/PalestineAbdulrahman Abdullahi Ali, Judge, SomaliaAbdel Rahim Al-Wafi, Legal Expert, MoroccoAbdel Fattah Al-Sadiqi, Journalist, Kingdom of MoroccoAbdullah Ahmed Al-Darazi, Academic and Human Rights Activist, BahrainAbdallah Boulrabah, Human Rights Activist, MoroccoAbdullah Hanatleh, Human Rights Activist, JordanAbdallah Rabbouli, Director of the Insaf Private Foundation, MoroccoAl-Adabi Mohammed, human rights activist, MoroccoAdi Emil Awad, Member of the Jordanian Communist Party, JordanOraib Al-Rantawi, Director of the Jerusalem Center for Political Studies, JordanEssam El Islambouli, Lawyer, EgyptIssam Al-Saadi, writer and poet, JordanEssam Sheha, Lawyer, President of the Egyptian Organization for Human Rights, EgyptAfaf Ghattasha, Director of the Association for the Protection of Female Workers from Violence, PalestineAli Shaninat, Poet, JordanAli Qassim Mohammed Ra bia, Former Member of Parliament, BahrainAli Nasser, activist and translator, Palestinian living in the Czech RepublicAli Nassar, Film Director, PalestineImad Abu Ghazi, Former Minister of Culture, EgyptOmar Al-Zein, former Secretary General of the Arab Lawyers Union, LebanonOmar Taibi, Journalist, MoroccoOmar Chana, community and theatre activist, MoroccoAwat Tayeb, Representative of Zoroastrians in Kurdistan and Iraq, IraqAwis Al-Salik, human rights activist, MoroccoIssa Al Marazeeq, Lawyer and Director of Training Department at the National Center for Human Rights, JordanIssa Al-Najjar, Independent Researcher in Public Administration, PalestineIssa Rahmoun, Lawyer and Human Rights Activist, AlgeriaGhada Ibrahim Shalaby, Translation Section Officer, UNESCO Regional Centre for Adult Education, EgyptGhada Al-Ashqar, writer and translator, SyriaGhada Abdel Hadi, President of the Eve Center for Culture and Arts Association, PalestineGhazi Fakhri Murad, Member of the Palestinian Nat ional Council, PalestineGhaleb Shaher Al-Sarayrah, Lawyer, JordanGhanem Al-Shahawi, Civil Society Activist, TunisiaGhawi Najia, human rights activist at the Moroccan Association for Human Rights, FranceGhassan Baqaei, Head of the Federation of Palestinian Trade Unions, Lebanon Branch, PalestineFadi Abbas, President of the Palestinian Bar AssociationFarouk Malouki, President of SOS Terrorism Association, TunisiaFatima Al-Dabbas, Lawyer and Human Rights Activist, JordanFatima Zahra Touzani, lawyer and human rights activist, Moroccan Freedoms ObservatoryFatima Shehadeh, Human Rights Lawyer, LebanonFaiz Abad Al-Hadama, Journalist, SudanFathi Al-Hajj Ali, Writer, TunisiaFiras Ben Shaaban, Researcher in Public Law, TunisiaFarid Al-Muqdad, Writer, SyriaFahmi Shaheen, media figure and member of the Political Bureau of the People's Party, member of the Palestinian National CouncilFouad Matar, Lawyer, LebanonFaisal Oussar, Human Rights Activist, MoroccoFaisal Ali Al Sharif, Lawyer, Lib yaFaisal Qafsawi, Research Professor, MoroccoQassim Muhammad Qasir, journalist, LebanonJudge Dr. Abdul Qader Jarada, Head of the Arab Center for Criminal Sciences - Gaza/PalestineQusai Shaheen, Political Activist, JordanQusay Abdullah Mahmoud Ibrahim, Professor of Social Sciences, PalestineQais Omar Omar, Journalist, PalestineKarama Ali Faraj, Master's Lecturer, PalestineKreibi Seifeddine, human rights activist and civil society activist, TunisiaKarima El Hefnawy, Writer, EgyptKamalin Shaat, University Advisor, PalestineLatifa Ajbabdi, Human Rights Activist, MoroccoLatifa Al Iraqi, community activist, MoroccoLatifa Hilali, Human Rights Activist, MoroccoLinda Al-Kalash, Executive Director of Tamkeen Center for Legal Aid and Human Rights, JordanLaila Al Ali, Human Rights Activist, LebanonLina Tabbal, University Professor of International Law, FranceMajed Hamto, President of the NGOs Association, LebanonMagda Rashwan, Lawyer and Human Rights Activist, EgyptMagda Mahmoud Ibra him Atoum, short story writer and translator, JordanMajda Al-Masry, member of the Political Bureau of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, member of the Palestinian Central CouncilMazen Al Sharif, thinker and writer, TunisiaMalek Al-Amin, Syrian legal expert and consultantMalek Adly, Lawyer at the Court of Cassation and the Supreme Constitutional Court, EgyptMaher Suleiman Odeh, Political Analyst, PalestineMaher Subaih, Director of Education and Culture Statistics at the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, PalestineMaya Mustafa Badawi, Journalist, SyriaMubarak Othmani; Human Rights Activist and President of the Moroccan Human Rights Association, MoroccoMagdy Shandy, Editor-in-Chief of Al-Mashhad Newspaper, EgyptMajid Rouaibia, lawyer accredited to the Supreme Court and the Council of State, AlgeriaMahasen Al-Imam, Writer and Head of the Arab Women Media Center, JordanMuhammad Ahad Al-Tahir, Member of the Arab Writers Union, SyriaMohamed Akdid, Professor, Human Rights Activist, MoroccoMohamed El Idrissi, Poet, MoroccoMohamed Al-Baribri, Human Rights Activist, MoroccoMohamed El Hamamsy, poet and journalist, EgyptMohamed Khamlichi, President of the Human Rights Center for Memory, MoroccoMohamed El Khenissi, Civil Society Activist, TunisiaMohamed Dahmani, human rights activist, MoroccoMohamed Saleh Flis, writer and human rights activist/TunisiaMohammed Al-Taher, Academic, JordanMohammed Al-Abdullah, Palestinian political writer, SyriaMohamed El Aouni, journalist and writer, President of the Organization for Freedom of Media and Expression - Hatem, MoroccoMohamed Al-Ghafri, National Coordinator of the Moroccan Front to Support Palestine and Oppose Normalization, MoroccoMohamed Al-Qaidi, Doctor of Sharia and Law, TunisiaMohamed Al-Loz, retired lawyer, BelgiumMohamed El Madyouni, Educational Association, Kingdom of MoroccoMohamed Nouhi, Human Rights Defender, MoroccoMohammed Barqoun, Lecturer, PalestineMohammed Bassam Ahmed Sweidan, Lawye r, JordanMohamed Bouzkraoui Alaoui, Professor, MoroccoMohamed Jabouri, human rights activist, MoroccoMohammed H. Yaqoub, Writer, France, PalestineMuhammad Hadifi, writer and poet, member of the Arab Writers Union, SyriaMohammed Hamid, PhD in Economics, Palestinian residing in SyriaMohammad Khaled Omar, Academic Researcher, SyriaMohammed Khader Al-Hamdani, writer and playwright, IraqMohammed Khalifa Al Mulla, Intellectual, Kingdom of BahrainMohammad Khouili, President of the Green Party, LebanonMohamed Zendour, human rights and political activist, MoroccoMohammad Zahdi Saeed, Human Rights Activist, JordanMohamed Saad Abdel Fattah, Human Rights Defender, EgyptMohammed Saeed Abu Areeda, Writer and Journalist, JordanMohamed Soliman Farghal, Professor of Political Science and Director of the Future Center for Strategic Studies/Former, JordanMuhammad Saleh, Researcher, IndiaMohammad Safa, Human Rights Expert, LebanonMohammad Talib Dabous, Associate Professor of Measurement and Eval uation, PalestineMohammed Abdo Al-Zughair, Child Rights Expert, YemenMohamed Arari, Academic Researcher, TunisiaMuhammad Alloush, Palestinian poet, writer and critic, PalestineMohamed Fayyad, Political Writer, EgyptMohammed Mahmoud Rababa'a, Lawyer, JordanMohamed Mahmoud Refaat, Lawyer and Head of the National Accord Party, EgyptMohammad Naaman Hamdan, human rights activist and pediatrician, JordanMohamed Hajoui, Media, MoroccoMahmoud Al-Saudi, Media Professional, SyriaMahmoud Bamia, journalist, Palestinian resident in TunisiaMahmoud Rayhan, Legal Administrator, PalestineMahmoud Saadeh, Secretary General of the Palestinian Communist Party, PalestineMokhtar Ben Redouane, Human Rights Defender, MoroccoMedhat El-Zahid, journalist, head of the Socialist Popular Alliance Party, EgyptMaram Wajeeh Rahmoun, writer and short story writer, JordanMarwan Emil Toubasi, Ambassador, Chairman of the Founding Committee of the National Forum for Solidarity between Peoples, PalestineMarwan Hamz a, Human Rights Activist, SyriaMarwan Qawas, Syrian, Head of the Arab Organization for Human Rights in SyriaMarwan Nihad Joda, Media Professional, PalestineMarigan Shaaban Marigan, Civil Activist, LibyaCounselor Jihad Al-Otaibi, Arab arbitrator and expert in jurisprudence and law, JordanCounselor Shadi Al-Qassem, Legal Advisor and Expert in Legislative Drafting and Rule of Law, PalestineMasoud Allah Moussadad, Secretary General of the Prison Observatory, MoroccoMoad Al-Jahri, Deputy National Coordinator of the Moroccan Front to Support Palestine and Combat Normalization, MoroccoAl-Moatasem Billah Mohammed Al-Hami, Media Professional, JordanMoad Al-Hajli, Syrian human rights activist, SyriaMoeen Al-Amatouri, Journalist, SyriaManal Ahmed Shalbaya, Journalist, JordanManal Tamimi, Human Rights Activist, PalestineMona Baazawi, writer and researcher in the field of literature and civilization, TunisiaMona Abdel Rady, Journalist, EgyptMounir Charfi, President of the National Observatory for the Defense of the Civil State, TunisiaMehdi Rahali, Opinion Writer, MoroccoMuhannad Ghaleb Abu Hamdan, Retired Financial Manager, LebanonMusa Hawamdeh, Poet, JordanMayada El-Deebany, Master's Researcher, EgyptMervat Mohammed Abdullah, Educational Supervisor, IraqMais Al-Masry, Human Rights Activist, PalestineMaysoun Al-Momani, political activist and member of the Communist Party, JordanNasser Atallah, Member of the General Secretariat of the General Union of Palestinian Writers and Authors, PalestineNasser Mahna, Human Rights Activist, SyriaNazem Alloush, poet, SyriaNabil Dabdoub, Academic, PalestineNajat Abdel Samad, novelist and physician, SyrianNajla Hassan, Writer, JordanNagwa Abbas, Member of the Political Bureau of the Socialist Popular Alliance Party, EgyptNaguib Gouili, playwright, EgyptNajiba Mohammed Mutahhar, Advisor to the Office of the President of the Republic, YemenNada Tuwair, Head of the Union of Palestinian Women's Action Committees, PalestineNada Mas oud Anouiji, Human Rights Activist, LibyaNizar Al-Khaled, Editor-in-Chief of Al-Muntasaf Newspaper and Assistant to the President of the Afro-Asian Peoples' Solidarity Organization, EgyptNahza Alaoui, Lawyer at the Kenitra Bar, MoroccoNidal Al Salman, Human Rights Activist, BahrainNaima Ouahli, human rights activist and defender, MoroccoNicola Taama, Media Professional, LebanonNoha Chaouachi, Professor, TunisiaNoha Hassan, Human Rights Activist, BahrainNawal Hussein Khalaf, Human Rights Activist, IraqNour Al Rawashdeh, poet and playwright, JordanNourredine Saoudi, writer and translator, human rights activist from Hatem Organization, MoroccoHala Ahed, Human Rights Activist, JordanIlham Sami Hamad, human rights defender and activist at the Social Aid Society, PalestineHani Al-Aswadi, Legal Advisor, SwitzerlandHani Al-Halabi, Researcher and Historian, LebanonHani Suleiman Al-Halabi, writer, media figure and publisher, LebanonHani Hilal, Child Rights Expert, EgyptHeba Ahmed Baydo un, Human Rights Activist, JordanHadeel Buqrais, Founder of the Human Rights School in Kuwait, KuwaitHisham Ben Freij, Human Rights Activist, TunisiaHicham Darfouf, Musician, MoroccoHesham Younis, writer at Al-Ahram and first deputy of the Egyptian Journalists Syndicate, EgyptAl-Hashou Ahmed, Academic, MoroccoHind Yahya, President of a Civil Association, TunisiaHaitham Al-Hariri, Member of the Political Bureau of the Socialist Popular Alliance Party, EgyptWahid Qarmesh, Member of the Political Bureau of the Jordanian Social Democratic Party, JordanWessam El Sherif, CEO, Egyptian Federation for Education Policy and Research, EgyptWadah Al-Yaman Khaled Hariri, Political Activist, YemenWaddah Salem Muhadeen, Lawyer, JordanWadha Al Saadi, Teacher, Sultanate of OmanWafaa Jaafar Nasser, Media Professional, LebanonWalaa Hassan, Feminist Activist, JordanWalaa Sayel Mohammed Abdel Razek, Researcher, PalestineWalid Khaliliya, Academic Staff Member, PalestineWalid Hanidi, Syrian researc herYasser Bushnak, former human rights and refugee activist, US and JordanYasmine Ben Khemais, Human Rights Activist, TunisiaYahya Abu Aboud, President of the Jordanian Bar Association, JordanYahya Al-Wajid, Lawyer, Chairman of the Justice Horizons Foundation for Legal Support, IraqYosra Fraous, Lawyer, Feminist and Anne Klein Award for Democracy and Women's Rights, TunisiaYaqoub Aldubalah, Academic, YemenYoussef Abu Al Hassan, Human Rights Activist, MoroccoYousef Hourani, Writer and Political Activist, JordanYousef Rabie, media figure and member of the Shura Council of the Bahraini Al-Wefaq Society, BahrainYoussef Ali Hassan Issa, Researcher in Israeli Studies, SpainYousef Ghishan, Journalist, JordanYoussef Tanane, theater and visual artist, Morocco.Younes Kadri, human rights activist, MoroccoSource: Maan News Agency